Antifungal cream12/28/2023 Since all of these agents are hepatically metabolized, many are potent CYP450 inhibitors. 7,8 Generally, side effects include gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), hepatotoxicity, and rash. This effect occurs through the inhibition of CYP450, which converts lanosterol to ergosterol, resulting in increased cellular permeability and leakage of cellular contents as well as inhibition of fungal growth. As a class, they exert their effect by impairing the synthesis of ergosterol, a vital component in the fungal cellular membrane. The triazoles include fluconazole, itraconazole, terconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole. The imidazoles include several agents, most notably clotrimazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole. They are categorized into two distinctive classes: the imidazoles and the triazoles. This article will briefly review the mechanisms of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety of the most commonly used antifungal agents in clinical practice.įor over two decades, the azole antifungals have been used in clinical practice to treat various fungal infections ( TABLE 1). However, over the past decade several new antifungal agents with novel mechanisms of action, broader spectrums of activity, and fewer side effects have emerged. For many years, the only available agents were amphotericin B and the azole antifungals. 4-6 Invasive fungal infections can have a significant impact on patient morbidity and mortality.įungal infections can be difficult to diagnosis, prevent, and treat. ![]() ![]() 4-6 Additionally, patients with burns and neutropenia or those who are the recipients of parenteral nutrition, renal replacement therapy, immunosuppressive therapy, and antineoplastic agents can also be predisposed to fungal infections. There are multiple reasons for this increased incidence, including the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, central venous catheters, and prosthetic devices. 3 Other fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus spp, zygomycetes, Fusarium spp, and Scedosporium spp have become more common at causing invasive infections. 1,2 In fact, Candida species (spp) are the fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections in the United States. ![]() Over the past several years, the incidence of invasive fungal infections has dramatically increased.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply.AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |